Pablo Picasso (Spain), 1881-1973.
Guernica was painted in response to the air bombings by German and Italian forces in the village of Guernica, in the Basque Country. It depicts the tragedy and suffering of people and animals, some of them with strong symbolisms such as the bull, the horse, the mother and child, that the attacks brought to the village. It was painted by Picasso in Paris, and did not visit Spain until 1981, once democracy ruled in Spain. More info in wikipedia.
Art Review 